Medication adherence

Medication adherence is defined by the World Health Organization as “the degree to which the person’s behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendations from a health care provider”.

Primary non-adherence occurs when prescriptions are issued by providers, but medications remain unfilled or unused. Non-persistence arises when patients discontinue medication without professional guidance, typically due to miscommunication between patients and professionals regarding treatment plans.


Causes of medication non-adherence

Forgetfulness: It can be difficult and memory-affecting to incorporate medication into everyday routines, which highlights the need for reminders for essential support during medication travels.

Misunderstanding: Information regarding the purpose of a medication, its proper administration and the duration of treatment can frequently be misunderstood during interactions between doctors and patients.

Fear and worry: Patients who experience anxiety about new medications may avoid them altogether or feel uneasy about telling their healthcare practitioner about them.

Adverse drug reaction: Many people purposefully stop taking their medications because they experience severe side effects, such as anxiety and terror.

Complex medication schedule: Complex medication regimens arising from mistimed administration of various medications or from taking medications at odd times during the day might lead to non-adherence.

Lack of symptoms: Adhering to a medication prescribed for preventive purposes can be difficult if the medication has no immediate negative or good effects.



Strategies for healthcare providers

Level of prescribing: Healthcare providers should involve patients in medication decision-making to promote ownership and partnership, allowing them to actively participate in their healthcare journey.

Communicating with patients: Effective medication prescribing requires clear communication of key information to patients, ensuring they understand the benefits and risks of their medication.

Follow-ups: Appropriate follow-up is essential for monitoring medication compliance and ensuring treatment efficacy.

Recommend Medication adherence tools: Pill organizers and Smart pill bottles can alert patients via email or text message or illuminate with a reminder light when it's time to take their medications.

Strategies for patients

Set a reminder: To ensure proper medication intake, set an alarm on your phone or use a weekly pill organizer, and include a note outlining the dosage.

understand your medication: Learn how your medication works and why it's essential to follow your prescription as instructed. Don't hesitate to ask your physician or pharmacist any questions you have.

Know if you miss a dose: Following a doctor's prescription is essential for reducing risks and achieving an effective course of therapy. See your doctor if you have any questions about missing doses.

Know your options: Contact your health plan to choose a preferred pharmacy and explore covered medication alternatives. Consider a 90-day supply for cost-effectiveness compared to monthly refills.

Plan ahead for refills: Regularly check the number of remaining refills on your prescription bottle, as pharmacies often offer to call your doctor for refills.

Conclusion: 

Patient non-adherence to medication presents a significant global healthcare challenge, stemming from various interconnected factors. Healthcare professionals must implement strategies to improve medication adherence, leveraging patient education, compliance aids, motivation, and support, to optimize therapeutic outcomes and address global healthcare challenges.